Dog training is many things to many people. The amount of theories and myths out there are enough to confuse any new dog or puppy caretaker.
For example, the dominance and alpha dog theory has been debunked by the very scientist that introduced it in 1947 using wolves that were put in an environment that was far from their natural habitat. The truth is that this type of relationship is unproductive in the long run even if it appears to work right away today. The end result is a dog or puppy who exists in a state of fear from mild to heightened which may ultimately end up as aggression of some form.